HOLIDAY HOMEWORK (SUMMER VACATION- 2016)
Class 9 Biology
Chapter: Tissues
Class 10 Biology
Chapter: Control and Coordination
Showing posts with label Home work. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Home work. Show all posts
12 May 2016
HOLIDAY HOMEWORK FOR SUMMER VACATION 2016
21 Dec 2013
20 Dec 2013
3 Mar 2013
BIO XI 5.6
BIO XI 5.6
CHAPTER 21: NEURAL CONTROL AND COORDINATION
1. Differentiate (i) CNS from PNS(ii) Afferent & Effernt fibres (iii) Myelinated & unmyelinated nerve fibre.
2. Draw a well labeled diagram of neuron.
3. Define nerve impulse. Explain how a nerve impulse is propagated across non- myelinated nerve fibre.
4. Explain the structure of synapse.
5. What are the two types of synapse?
6. Explain the various components of fore brain, midbrain & hind brain.
7. Sketch the reflex arc.
8. Draw a neat labeled diagram of eye.
9. Explain the various parts of eye.
10. Draw a neat labeled diagram of various parts of ear.
11. Differentiate between
(i)impulse conduction in myelinated nerve fibre & unmyelinated nerve fibre.
(ii)aqueous humor & vitreous humor
(iii) blind spot & yellow spot
(iv)cranial nerves & spinal nerves
(v) rods & cones
(vi) Dendrites & axons.
(vii)myelinated & unmyelinated axons.
(viii)thalamus & hypothalamus
(ix) resting potential & action potential
12. Give a brief account of
(a) mechanism of synaptic transmission
(b) mechanim of vision.(c)mechanism of hearing.
BIO XI 5.7
BIO XI 5.7
CHAPTER 22: CHEMICAL COORDINATION & INTEGRATION
1. Define (a) exocrine gland (b) endocrine gland (c) hormone
2. Explain the various hormones secreted by various parts of pituitary gland.
3. How hypothalamus will regulate the functioning of pituitary gland.
4. Explain the role of thymus gland. Where are adrenal glands located? What are the
various secretions of adrenal cortex & adrenal medulla?
5. Where is pancreas located? What are the secretions of pancreas? How they regulate carbohydrate metabolism?
6. How does diabetes mellitus occur?
7. Explain the hormones of testis & ovary.
8. Explain the hormones of heart, kidney & gastrointestinal tract.
9. How the hormones are classified based on their chemical composition?
10. Which hormonal deficiency is responsible for the following
(a) Diabetes mellitus (b) Goiter (c) Cretinism
11. Give examples of
(a) Hyper glycemic hormone & hypoglycaemic hormone
(b)Hypercalcaemic hormone.(c) Gonado trophic hormone. (d) Blood pressure lowering hormone.
BIO XI 5.5
BIO XI 5.5
CHAPTER 20: LOCOMOTION AND MOVEMENT
1.Differentiate amoeboid, ciliary & flagellary movement.
2. Differentiate between skeletal, visceral & cardiac muscles.
3. Describe the structure of skeletal muscle.
4. Explain the sliding filament theory of muscle contraction.
5. Explain the role of calcium ions in the muscle contraction.
6. How many bones are there in the skeletal system of human?
7. Write the various components of axial skeleton & appendicular skeleton.
8. What are joints? How the joints are classified?
9. Explain the structure of pectoral & pelvic girdle.
10. How many pairs of ribs are present in human? How they are classified?
11. How the vertebra in the vertebral column are classified?
12. Explain in brief various disorders related to muscular & skeletal systems.
13. Differentiate between
(i) actin & myosin
(ii) red & white muscles
(iii) pectoral & pelvic girdle.
BIO XI 5.4
BIO XI 5.4
CHAPTER 19: EXCRETORY PRODUCTS AND THEIR ELIMINATION
1. Differentiate ammonotelism, ureotelism & uricotelism .
2. Draw a well labeled diagram of human urinary system.
3. Draw a well labeled diagram of longitudinal section of kidney.
4. Explain the various parts of nephron with neat labeled diagram.
5. Explain the mechanism of urine formation.
6. Give a brief account of counter current mechanism.
7. Define glomerular filtration rate.
8. Desribe the role of liver, lungs & skin in excretion.
9. Explain micturition.
10.What is meant by the term osmoregulation?
11.What is the significance of JGA in kidney function?
12. What is uremia?
13. Explain how haemodialysis is done.
14. What is glycosuria, ketonuria , glomerulonephritis, renal calculi.
15. Terrestrial animals are generally either ureotelic or uricotelic, not ammonotelic. Why?
BIO XI 5.3
BIO XI 5.3
CHAPTER 18. BODY FLUIDS & CIRCULATION
1. Name the components of the formed elements in the blood. Mention one major
function of each.
2. What is the importance of plasma proteins?
3. Why do we consider blood as a connective tissue?
4. Which blood group is called Universal donor & which is called Universal recipient?
5. Write a note on erythroblastosis foetalis.
6. Explain the mechanism of coagulation of blood.
7. What is lymph?
8. Differentiate open circulatory system from closed circulatory system.
9. Draw a well labeled diagram of section of human heart.
10. Define cardiac cycle & the cardiac output.
11. What is meant by double circulation? What is its significance?
12. Differentiate between (i) systole & diastole (ii) P wave & T wave.
13. Why do we call our heart as myogenic?
14. Sino atrial node is called pace maker of our heart.why?
15. What is the significance of AV node & AV bundles in the functioning of heart?
16. How does lub & dub sounds are created?
17. Explain the different segments of ECG.
18. Describe the evolutionary change in the pattern of heart among the vertebrates.
19.How the activities of heart are regulated?
20.Write a note on the following.
(i) hypertension (ii) coronary artery disease (iii) angina (iv) heart failure.
BIO XI 5.2
BIO XI 5.2
CHAPTER 17. BREATHING & EXCHANGE OF GASES
1. Define respiration.
2. Draw a well labeled diagram of human respiratory system.
3. How does the following organisms respire
(a) eartworm (b) aquatic arthropods (c) terrestrial vertebrates
4. What are the various steps involved in respiration?
5. Explain the mechanism of breathing.
6. Define the following.
(a) tidal volume (b)Inspiratory reserve volume (c) Expiratiory reserve volume
(d) Residual volume (e) Inspiratory capacity (f) Expiratory capacity (g) Functional
residual capacity Vital capacity (i) Total lung capacity
7. Explain the mechanism of exchange of gases.
8. Explain how O2 & CO2 is transported?
9. Define oxygen dissociation curve. Can you suggest any reason for its sigmoidal
pattern?
10. How is respiration regulated?
11. Write a note on Asthma, Emphysema & occupational disorders.
BIO XI 5.1
BIO XI 5.1
CHAPTER16. DIGESTION & ABSORPTION
1. Define digestion.
2. Draw a well labeled diagram of human digestive system.
3. Describe the various terms used for dentition in human.
4. Write the dental formula of human.
5. Explain the histology of wall of alimentary canal.
6. Write a note on various digestive glands in human .
7. Explain the physiology of digestion of food.
8. State the role of pancreatic juice in digestion of proteins.
9. Bile juice contains no digestive enzymes , yet it is important for digestion .why?
10. What is the role of Hcl secreted in stomach?
11. How are polysaccharides & disaccharides digested?
12 .Discuss the main steps in the digestion of proteins as the food pass through
different parts of the alimentary canal.
13. How does butter in your food get digested and absorbed in the body?
14. What is deglutition?
15. Explain & write a brief note on the disorders of digestive system.
20 Dec 2012
BIO XI 4.5
BIO XI 4.5
CHAPTER15. PLANT GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT
KEY TERMS:
Growth, differentiation, growth regulators, sigmoid growth curve, auxins, Gibberellins, cytokinins, ethylene, abscisic acid, abscission, photoperiodism, phytochrome, vernalisation, rosette, bolting, senescence, dormancy quiescence,
BIO XI 4.5.1
Q.1. Define the following terms:
(a)growth
(b) differentiation
(c) development
(d) redifferentiation
(e) dedifferentiation
Q.2. Name the three phases of growth?
Q.3. Write any three differences between arithmetic growth and geometric growth.
Q.4. Write equations for arithmetic growth and geometric growth.
Q.5. Draw a graph to show sigmoid growth curve and label the three phases of this curve.
Q.6. Define development. What are intrinsic and extrinsic factors which determine the growth of a plant?
BIO XI 4.5.2
Q.7. Name scientists who discovered the following
(a).auxins (b) gibberellins (c) cytokinins (d) ethylene (e)abscisic acid
Q.8. Name the following plant hormones:
(a) Root Promoting hormone.
(b) Stem elongating hormone
(c) Tumour or gall forming hormone
(d) Fruit ripening hormone/ gaseous hormone
(e) Stress hormone
(f) Hormone causing apical dominance
(g) Hormone causing bolting in rosette plants.
(h) Hormone speeding up malting on breweries.
(i) Delay senescence
(j) Induce parthenocarpy
(k) Closing of stomata
Q.9. Briefly describe the natural and/or synthetic forms, physiological effects, and agricultural uses of each one of the following:
(a).auxins (b) gibberellins (c) cytokinins (d) ethylene (e)abscisic acid
Q.10. What is meant by photoperiodism ?what are long day plants, short day plants, day neutral plants? Give two examples of each type.
Q.11. Name the chemical which is responsible for photoperiodism in plant.
Q.12. What is vernalisation?
BIO XI 4.5.3
Q.13. Describe briefly (a) arithmetic growth (b) geometric growth (c) sigmoid growth curve
Q.14. Name the fungus from which gibberellins were extracted.
Q.15. Who discovered auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins and ethylene?
Q.16. Why ABA is termed dormin or stress hormone.
Q.17. ABA is a growth retardant still it is useful for plant. How?
COMPETITION POINT:
1. Write precursor molecules, site of synthesis and bioassay of following plant hormones:
(a).auxins (b) gibberellins (c) cytokinins (d) ethylene (e)abscisic acid
2. Differentiate between seed dormancy and quiescence.
3. What causes seed dormancy in plants? How it can be overcome?
4. Which mineral ion is necessary for auxin synthesis?
5. What are climacteric fruits? Give examples.
20 Nov 2012
BIO XI 4.3
CHAPTER 13. PHOTOSYNTHESIS
KEY TERMS:
Photosynthesis, photolysis, PAR, Action Spectrum, Photophosphorylation, Photosystems, PS I, PS II, LHC, Reaction centre, RUBISCO, RUBP, Light Reaction Dark Reaction, C3 cycle, Calvin cycle, Carboxylation, C4 Cycle, CAM, Photorespiration, Cranz Anatomy, Bundle sheath Cells, NADPH, Fo-F1 Particles, Chemiosmotic hypothesis,
BIO XI 4.3.1
Q.1. Differentiate the following:
(a) Light reaction and dark reaction.
(b) Photosystem I and Photosystem II
Q. 2. Draw the following;
(a) Cyclic Photophosphorylation.
(b) Noncyclic Photophosphorylation.
(c) C3 cycle or Calvin Cycle
(d) C4 cycle or Hatch Slack Cycle
Q. 3. Where does chlorophyll absorb light in the visible spectrum?
Q. 4. What is meant by photolysis of water in photosynthesis?
Q. 5. Name the reaction centres of photosystem I & II.
BIO XI 4.3.2
Q. 6. Where does light and dark reactions take place within a chloroplast.
Q. 7. Expand RUBP, PAR, NADP, PEP, RUBISCO.
Q. 8. Name two C4 plants, C3 plants.
Q.9. Where is PS I located in the chloroplast?
Q.10. Mention one useful role of photorespiration to plants.
BIO XI 4.3.3
Q. 11. Name the cell organelles which are involved in photorespiration?
Q. 12. Differentiate between action spectrum & Absorption spectrum.
Q. 13. Bring out any five differences between cyclic & non- cyclic photphosphorylation.
Q. 14. With the help of a diagram show the synthesis of ATP through chemosynthesis.
Q.15. Mention briefly in points the three processes which lead to the establishment of proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane.
BIO XI 4.3.4
Q. 16. State the law of limiting factors. Who proposed this for photosynthesis?
Q. 17. Specify how C4 photosynthetic pathway increases carbon di oxide concentration in bundle sheath cells of sugar cane.
Q. 18. Write any four differences between
(i).C3 plants & C4 plants.
(ii) anatomy of leaf in C3 & C4 plants.
(iii) Chloroplasts of Bundle Sheath Cells and Mesophyll cells in C4 plants.
Q. 19. What is the important function of carotenoid other than absorbing light energy?
Q.20 Make a list of various factors affecting rate of photosynthesis photosynthesis.
Q.21. How many ATPs and NADPHs are required to produced one molecule of glucose through C3 pathway?
Competition Point (Optional):
Q. Who proposed chemiosmotic theory of ATP synthesis.
Q. Briefly describe the structure of ATPase or F1-F0 complex.
Q. Describe chemiosmotic theory of ATP synthesis.
Q. What is CO2 fertilisation effect.
Q. What do you mean by CO2 Compensation point?
Q. Explain the reason why C4 plants are more efficient in tropical regions than C3 plants.
Q. Draw metabolic pathway of photorespiration in C3 plants.
Q. What do you mean by CAM pathway? Draw this pathway and mention its advantage to desert plants.
BIO XI 4.4
CHAPTER 14. RESPIRATION IN PLANTS
Key Terms:
Aerobic respiration, anaerobic respiration, fermentation, Glycolysis, EMP pathway, Kreb's cycle, TCA cycle, Electron transport chain, Oxidative phosphorylation, cytochrome c oxidase, amphibolic pathway, respiratory quotient.
BIO XI 4.4.1
Q. 1. Define the following: Respiration, respiratory substrate, Aerobic & anaerobic respiration, fermentation.
Q.2. Draw the following metabolic pathways:
(a) Glycolysis or Embden, Mayerhof and Parnas Pathway.
(b) TCA Cycle or Citric acid cycle or Kreb's Cycle.
(c) Conversion of pyruvic acid to ethanol & lactic acid in anarobic respiration.
(d) Electron Transport System
Q. 3. Which is the common step for both aerobic & anaerobic respiration? Where does it takes place?
Q. 4. Who proposed the various steps of glycolysis?
Q. 5. Give comparison of aerobic and anaerobic respiration. (Min 5 points)
BIO XI 4.4.2
Q.6. What is oxidative decarboxylation? Write the biochemical reaction to show how acetyl Co-A is formed. where is it formed?
Q.7. How many molecules of ATP are formed when one molecule of FADH2 & NADH is oxidised?
Q.8. Where does following take place within a cell:
(i) Glycolysis (ii) TCA cycle (iii) ETS
Q. 9. What are the two ways in which ATP is produced during glycolysis?
Q. 10. Why does anaerobic respiration produce less energy than aerobic respiration?
BIO XI 4.4.3
Q. 11. Give a detailed account on the number of ATP molecules produced through various steps in aerobic oxidation of one molecule of glucose.
Q. 12. Discuss “ the respiratiory pathway is an amphibolic pathway”.
Q.13. Define respiratory quotient. Give the RQ values of carbohydrates, fats, organic acids.
Q. 14. What is the net yield of ATPs when one glucose molecule undergoes aerobic respiration?
Q. 15. Write any three point on the importance of Citric acid cycle other than its being a part of aerobic respiration.
Competition Point (Optional):
Q. What do you mean by Pentose Phosphate Pathway (PPP). Where does it takes place?
Q. What is the use of calculating RQ.
31 Oct 2012
BIO XII 5.4
BIO XII 5.4
Chapter: ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
BIO XII 5.4.1
Q.1. Define pollution. What are major types of pollution.
Q.2. What is the objective of Environment Protection Act 1986?
Q.3. Draw a simple diagram of electrostatic precipitator. Briefly explain how does it work?
Q.4. How will you make a scrubber to control SO2 gas in the air?
Q.5. Name any two expensive metals used in catalytic converters in vehicles? What is the function of catalytic converter.
BIO XII 5.4.2
Q.6. Enlist any four adverse effects of noise pollution on human health?
Q.7. Define BOD. What does the BOD level of a water sample indicate?
Q.8. Define biomagnification. Give one example with the help of an aquatic food chain.
Q.9. What do you mean by cultural or accelerated eutrophication? Write the sequence of changes which leads to the death of a lake by this.
Q.10. Which plant is known as terror of Bengal and why?
BIO XII 5.4.3
Q.11. What is algal bloom? How it is harmful for animals and human beings?
Q.13. What is polyblend? Where it is being utilised?
Q.14. What do you mean by e-waste? What happens to e-waste in developing countries?
Q.15. How e-waste is a health hazard in developing countries?
BIO XII 5.4.4
Q.16. Define global warming? Name the radiation responsible for global warming.
Q.17. How global warming will affect the climate of earth?
Q.18. With the help of pie chart show the major GHGs and the extent to which these are responsible for global warming.
Q.19. What is Ozone hole? Why it is harmful?
Q.20. Which type of UV rays are harmful for living organisms?
BIO XII 5.4.5
Q.21. Expand CFCs. Where are these used? How these are harmful?
Q.22. What are effects of UV-B on human health?
Q.23. What was the purpose of Montreal protocol?
Q.24. What are units in which thickness of ozone is measured?
Q25. name three important accidents/ disasters which occurred due to leakage of nuclear waste.
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